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# send [![NPM Version][npm-version-image]][npm-url] [![NPM Downloads][npm-downloads-image]][npm-url] [![Linux Build][travis-image]][travis-url] [![Windows Build][appveyor-image]][appveyor-url] [![Test Coverage][coveralls-image]][coveralls-url] Send is a library for streaming files from the file system as a http response supporting partial responses (Ranges), conditional-GET negotiation (If-Match, If-Unmodified-Since, If-None-Match, If-Modified-Since), high test coverage, and granular events which may be leveraged to take appropriate actions in your application or framework. Looking to serve up entire folders mapped to URLs? Try [serve-static](https://www.npmjs.org/package/serve-static). ## Installation This is a [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) module available through the [npm registry](https://www.npmjs.com/). Installation is done using the [`npm install` command](https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/installing-npm-packages-locally): ```bash $ npm install send ``` ## API <!-- eslint-disable no-unused-vars --> ```js var send = require('send') ``` ### send(req, path, [options]) Create a new `SendStream` for the given path to send to a `res`. The `req` is the Node.js HTTP request and the `path` is a urlencoded path to send (urlencoded, not the actual file-system path). #### Options ##### acceptRanges Enable or disable accepting ranged requests, defaults to true. Disabling this will not send `Accept-Ranges` and ignore the contents of the `Range` request header. ##### cacheControl Enable or disable setting `Cache-Control` response header, defaults to true. Disabling this will ignore the `immutable` and `maxAge` options. ##### dotfiles Set how "dotfiles" are treated when encountered. A dotfile is a file or directory that begins with a dot ("."). Note this check is done on the path itself without checking if the path actually exists on the disk. If `root` is specified, only the dotfiles above the root are checked (i.e. the root itself can be within a dotfile when when set to "deny"). - `'allow'` No special treatment for dotfiles. - `'deny'` Send a 403 for any request for a dotfile. - `'ignore'` Pretend like the dotfile does not exist and 404. The default value is _similar_ to `'ignore'`, with the exception that this default will not ignore the files within a directory that begins with a dot, for backward-compatibility. ##### end Byte offset at which the stream ends, defaults to the length of the file minus 1. The end is inclusive in the stream, meaning `end: 3` will include the 4th byte in the stream. ##### etag Enable or disable etag generation, defaults to true. ##### extensions If a given file doesn't exist, try appending one of the given extensions, in the given order. By default, this is disabled (set to `false`). An example value that will serve extension-less HTML files: `['html', 'htm']`. This is skipped if the requested file already has an extension. ##### immutable Enable or diable the `immutable` directive in the `Cache-Control` response header, defaults to `false`. If set to `true`, the `maxAge` option should also be specified to enable caching. The `immutable` directive will prevent supported clients from making conditional requests during the life of the `maxAge` option to check if the file has changed. ##### index By default send supports "index.html" files, to disable this set `false` or to supply a new index pass a string or an array in preferred order. ##### lastModified Enable or disable `Last-Modified` header, defaults to true. Uses the file system's last modified value. ##### maxAge Provide a max-age in milliseconds for http caching, defaults to 0. This can also be a string accepted by the [ms](https://www.npmjs.org/package/ms#readme) module. ##### root Serve files relative to `path`. ##### start Byte offset at which the stream starts, defaults to 0. The start is inclusive, meaning `start: 2` will include the 3rd byte in the stream. #### Events The `SendStream` is an event emitter and will emit the following events: - `error` an error occurred `(err)` - `directory` a directory was requested `(res, path)` - `file` a file was requested `(path, stat)` - `headers` the headers are about to be set on a file `(res, path, stat)` - `stream` file streaming has started `(stream)` - `end` streaming has completed #### .pipe The `pipe` method is used to pipe the response into the Node.js HTTP response object, typically `send(req, path, options).pipe(res)`. ### .mime The `mime` export is the global instance of of the [`mime` npm module](https://www.npmjs.com/package/mime). This is used to configure the MIME types that are associated with file extensions as well as other options for how to resolve the MIME type of a file (like the default type to use for an unknown file extension). ## Error-handling By default when no `error` listeners are present an automatic response will be made, otherwise you have full control over the response, aka you may show a 5xx page etc. ## Caching It does _not_ perform internal caching, you should use a reverse proxy cache such as Varnish for this, or those fancy things called CDNs. If your application is small enough that it would benefit from single-node memory caching, it's small enough that it does not need caching at all ;). ## Debugging To enable `debug()` instrumentation output export __DEBUG__: ``` $ DEBUG=send node app ``` ## Running tests ``` $ npm install $ npm test ``` ## Examples ### Serve a specific file This simple example will send a specific file to all requests. ```js var http = require('http') var send = require('send') var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) { send(req, '/path/to/index.html') .pipe(res) }) server.listen(3000) ``` ### Serve all files from a directory This simple example will just serve up all the files in a given directory as the top-level. For example, a request `GET /foo.txt` will send back `/www/public/foo.txt`. ```js var http = require('http') var parseUrl = require('parseurl') var send = require('send') var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) { send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' }) .pipe(res) }) server.listen(3000) ``` ### Custom file types ```js var http = require('http') var parseUrl = require('parseurl') var send = require('send') // Default unknown types to text/plain send.mime.default_type = 'text/plain' // Add a custom type send.mime.define({ 'application/x-my-type': ['x-mt', 'x-mtt'] }) var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) { send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' }) .pipe(res) }) server.listen(3000) ``` ### Custom directory index view This is a example of serving up a structure of directories with a custom function to render a listing of a directory. ```js var http = require('http') var fs = require('fs') var parseUrl = require('parseurl') var send = require('send') // Transfer arbitrary files from within /www/example.com/public/* // with a custom handler for directory listing var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) { send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { index: false, root: '/www/public' }) .once('directory', directory) .pipe(res) }) server.listen(3000) // Custom directory handler function directory (res, path) { var stream = this // redirect to trailing slash for consistent url if (!stream.hasTrailingSlash()) { return stream.redirect(path) } // get directory list fs.readdir(path, function onReaddir (err, list) { if (err) return stream.error(err) // render an index for the directory res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8') res.end(list.join('\n') + '\n') }) } ``` ### Serving from a root directory with custom error-handling ```js var http = require('http') var parseUrl = require('parseurl') var send = require('send') var server = http.createServer(function onRequest (req, res) { // your custom error-handling logic: function error (err) { res.statusCode = err.status || 500 res.end(err.message) } // your custom headers function headers (res, path, stat) { // serve all files for download res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment') } // your custom directory handling logic: function redirect () { res.statusCode = 301 res.setHeader('Location', req.url + '/') res.end('Redirecting to ' + req.url + '/') } // transfer arbitrary files from within // /www/example.com/public/* send(req, parseUrl(req).pathname, { root: '/www/public' }) .on('error', error) .on('directory', redirect) .on('headers', headers) .pipe(res) }) server.listen(3000) ``` ## License [MIT](LICENSE) [appveyor-image]: https://badgen.net/appveyor/ci/dougwilson/send/master?label=windows [appveyor-url]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/dougwilson/send [coveralls-image]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/pillarjs/send/master [coveralls-url]: https://coveralls.io/r/pillarjs/send?branch=master [node-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/node/send [node-url]: https://nodejs.org/en/download/ [npm-downloads-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/send [npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/send [npm-version-image]: https://badgen.net/npm/v/send [travis-image]: https://badgen.net/travis/pillarjs/send/master?label=linux [travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/pillarjs/send